Abstract: In April 2020, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange temporarily switched the pricing formula for West Texas Intermediate oil market options from the Black model to the Bachelier model. In this context, we introduce an additive Bachelier model that provides a simple closed-form solution and a ...more »

Abstract: Strong bank capitalisation provides long‑run financial‑stability benefits. However, transitioning to higher capital levels may involve short‑run costs. We analyse the effects of prudential capital changes on lending behaviour, macroeconomic outcomes, and banking competition using UK data within a structural VAR framework with sign and ...more »

Abstract: In a monetary system in which risk-free and risky money coexist, Gresham’s law predicts that people will hoard risk-free money as a store of value and spend risky money as a medium of exchange. Establishing a payment system on the basis of risk-free money, ...more »